Isotope data are reported relative to the following internationally recognized standard materials:

δ¹⁸O and δD:
All δ ¹⁸O (except carbonates) and δ D values are reported relative to Vienna SMOW (Standard Mean Ocean Water). δ ¹⁸O of carbonates are reported relative to PDB (Cretaceous belemnite from the PeeDee formation).

The conversion of PDB δ ¹⁸O to SMOW δ ¹⁸O is:

δ¹⁸O SMOW = 1.03086* δ ¹⁸O PDB + 30.86

δ³⁴S:
δ³⁴S values are reported relative to troilite of the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite.

δ³⁷Cl:
δ³⁷Cl ± 0.5‰ are reported relative to Standard Mean Ocean Chloride (SMOC).