• c1-c5 (gaseous hydrocarbons) by GC/FID, ASTM D2820, 1994 (gas) Identifies methane, ethane, ethene, propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, and neopentane. Data is reported as absolute percent with a detection limit of 11 ppm in the low range analysis. Concentration of ethane and higher hydrocarbons defines the ‘wetness’ of the gas. High concentrations of these hydrocarbons are called wet gases and are usually associated with oil. Low concentrations are dry gases.

  • c3-c10 (gasoline-range hydrocarbons) by High Resolution GC/FID (product) Identifies and quantifies in relative percent up to 90 compounds in the gasoline and condensate range. This provides a hydrocarbon fingerprint, which allows correlation of volatile samples. Certain hydrocarbon ratios can also be used to estimate how long gasoline free products have been in the environment.

  • c3-c44 by High Resolution GC/FID (whole oil) Identifies up to 149 compounds in the range between gasoline and residual oil. Assists in identification of types of free product or crude oil present.

  • Alkanr analysis of c10 + hydrocarbons by High Resolution GC/FID (detailed analysis) Determines if fuel types other than gasoline are present and provides fuel type and age information. Data is presented as a computer-normalized chromatogram.

  • Oxygenated Blending Agents by GC/MS (aq/soil) The presence of MtBE or other oxygenates provide information on age of unleaded gasolines.

  • Oxygenated Blending Agents by GC/MS Sim and Isotopic Dilution (EPA 1625 Mod): MtBE, DIPE, EtBE, tAME, tBA, ethanol (product) Identifies oxygenated additives in gasoline. Provides information on age of unleaded gasolines.

  • edb, mmt, and Organic Lead Concentrations by GC/ECD (product) Identifies the five alkyl lead compounds added to gasoline as well as the lead scavenger, edb. Provides information on age of leaded gasoline.

  • Full Scan by GC/MS Confirms types of products by utilizing the distribution of alkanes, alkylbenzenes, PAHs (PNAs) and polycyclic biomarkers.

  • PNA SIM by EPA 8270 GC/MS (aq/soil) Analysis of up to 15 Parent Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds (PNA's) by Selective Ion Monitoring (SIM). The PQL for soil can be lowered from 0.1 ppm to 0.005 ppm

    depending on matrix and sample prep. The PQL for water is lowered from 5. ppb to 0.1 ppb.
  • PNA Expanded List Delineates hydrocarbon range including alkylated benzenes, alkylated chrysene, benzo- and napthothiophenes and aromatic steranes. Can also provide additional characterization of creosote, other coal-derived oils and pyrogenic hydrocarbons.

  • Simulated Distillation (SIMDIS) by GC/FID (ASTM D2887, 1994) (product) Helps determine proportions of different fuel types present in product. Artificial mixtures are analyzed under consistent conditions to confirm the estimated composition.

  • Stable Isotope Ratios of Carbon (13C/12C) and Hydrogen (D/H) Analysis by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Helps identify source relationships between samples as well as geographic origin of the crude oil used in the refining process.

  • Stable Isotope Ratio of Sulfur (34S/32S) and Nitrogen (15N/14N) Analysis by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Helps identify source relationships between samples contaminated with crude oil.

  • Extraction for non-volatiles analysis (aq/soil) Isolation of hydrocarbons for detailed analysis from aqueous and solid samples using an appropriate solvent.

  • Column Cleanup A solvent extract or free product is passed through a silica gel column to remove non-hydrocarbon impurities.