Needs Analysis

In concert with the client, perceived needs are closely analyzed and formulated into clear and specific objectives. During this phase, rapid prototyping of the final product may be done using DPRA's extensive set of development tools. Prototypes of screens and logic can often be viewed over secure Internet connections, allowing the client to view and work in real time with a range of options while avoiding the challenges of installing software remotely. These approaches promote clear understanding and can surface design options and alternatives that can contribute in unexpected ways to effective client operations.

Specification of Model Behavior

This step specifies the scientific content of the model or application. It entails a team approach combining DPRA's domain experts with the experiential base of the client. Quantitative relationships are developed between the variables and parameters associated with each major element of the system or problem. These are documented, examined for pertinence and plausibility, and provide the basis for all further work.

In particular, these relationships can be combined with optimization methods to create planning and/or operational management tools useful to clients in a wide range of common (and uncommon) situations. DPRA staff has unusual expertise in a variety of optimization methods and other operations research techniques including linear and dynamic programming, network modeling, etc.

Computer Implementation

This phase includes all steps necessary to translate the final application specification into working computer software. DPRA's programming staff is fluent in all of the object-oriented languages within the Microsoft Visual Studio application development suite, which include C++, Visual Basic, Visual FoxPro and J++. DPRA programmers also routinely develop within other environments including PowerBuilder, PL/SQL HTML and java/Javascript. Additionally, DPRA staff is experienced with designing and developing relational databases as well as GUI front-ends for client, server and web-based solutions. For more demanding scenarios, DPRA provides multi-tier architectural solutions containing GUI front-ends, middle-tier components that enforce the organizations business rules and work flow process and the back tier data stores such as Microsoft's SQL Server or Oracle that hosts the organization's data.

Model Testing and Validation

Beyond mere "debugging" of computer code, this phase demonstrates that the model or application is well behaved and in conformance with reality as exemplified by documented test cases. It also includes an assessment of the sensitivity of the application to errors in assumptions, data, parameter values, or other internal or external perturbations. Thorough testing is an essential part of the QA/QC efforts that DPRA applies to all its activities.

Client Training

Software becomes a solution only when clients are thoroughly versed in its operation. For this reason, DPRA is prepared to offer training in a variety of modalities ranging from tutorial self-learning guides (either paper or web-based), distance learning, providing on-site staff support or through on-site presentations. Whichever method is selected, DPRA's experienced presenters and electronic publishing experts ensure that all instruction is clear, understandable, and effective.